返回搜索结果

资讯详情

<< 上一篇 下一篇 >>

CHMP更新帕纳替尼Ponatinib使用建议

发布时间:2014年01月29日 15:36:51

帕纳替尼(Ponatinib)是一种抗癌药物。用于治疗成人慢性粒细胞白血病((CML)、“费城染色体阳性”(Ph+)急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)。主要用于治疗对达沙替尼或尼洛替尼治疗无效的患者,或不能耐受达沙替尼或尼洛替尼的患者,以及不适合伊马替尼后续治疗的患者。也可用于治疗具有基因突变(“T315I突变”)的患者,该基因突变使患者对伊马替尼、达沙替尼或尼洛替尼产生耐药。帕纳替尼于2013年7月在欧盟通过集中审批程序获得批准。

 

2013年11月22日,欧洲药品管理局(EMA)发布消息,由于帕纳替尼有引起致命性血凝块和严重血管狭窄的风险,人用药品委员会(CHMP)提出更新帕纳替尼的使用建议,以帮助患者最小化血凝块阻塞动脉或静脉的风险。

 

上述建议是在对临床研究数据进行评估后提出的,包括两项正在进行的研究(一项I期剂量探索研究和一项关键性II期研究)。研究结果表明,接受帕纳替尼治疗的患者动脉与静脉血栓事件的发生率比上市批准时观察到的发生率更高。在I期研究中,2013年9月随访数据的初步分析显示,严重闭塞性血管事件的发生率为22%(81名患者中有18名患者发生),而II期研究数据的初步分析显示发生率为13.8%(449名患者中有62名患者发生)。I期研究的中位治疗持续时间为2.7年,而II期研究为1.3年。另外,在最近中止的一项III期研究(比较帕纳替尼与伊马替尼,中位治疗持续时间为3个月)中,帕纳替尼组报告的闭塞性血管事件例数更多。研究中报告的事件包括心血管、脑血管、周围血管和静脉血栓事件。无论有无风险因素,患者均出现了这些事件,且老年患者与有缺血(如心脏病发作)和卒中、高血压、糖尿病或血脂异常病史的患者更常见。

 

根据评估结果,CHMP建议,除非经评估其获益大于风险,既往存在心脏病发作或卒中的患者不能使用帕纳替尼。另外,应评估所有患者的心血管风险,并在帕纳替尼治疗前和治疗期间采取降低风险的措施。高血压患者应控制其血压,若出现血凝块阻塞动脉或静脉的体征,应立即停止使用帕纳替尼。

 

CHMP在评估帕纳替尼临床试验的更新数据后发现,使用帕纳替尼后血凝块的发生率比药物最初获批时观察到的发生率更高。血凝块相关疾病(如心脏病发作和卒中)已经确认为帕纳替尼的不良反应,并建议更新到欧盟范围内的帕纳替尼产品信息中。CHMP计划对帕纳替尼的获益和风险相关数据进行进一步深入评估,并会就该药物的使用是否应该进一步更新提出建议。

 

给患者的建议

 

1、帕纳替尼仍可作为白血病的治疗药物。然而,将采取新措施,以减少血凝块(如心脏病发作、卒中和深静脉血栓形成)相关疾病的风险。

 

2、医生将会对心脏或循环系统疾病的发生风险进行评估,并会在帕纳替尼治疗前和治疗期间采取措施减少这些风险。

 

3、如果有高血压病史,医生会提出降低血压的建议,如果血压仍保持较高水平则会考虑中断治疗。

 

4、如果既往有心脏病发作或卒中病史,医生会慎重考虑帕纳替尼治疗的可行性。

 

5、如果医生已开具帕纳替尼处方,应警惕血凝块的症状和体征,包括腿部剧烈疼痛或肿胀、突然不明原因的气短、呼吸急促或咳嗽、胸痛、面部、手臂或腿部无力或麻木。如果发现任何相关体征和症状,应立即就医。

 

6、如果对治疗有任何问题,请咨询医生或药剂师。

 

给医疗专业人士的建议

 

1、除非经评估其治疗获益大于风险,有心脏病发作或卒中病史的患者不能使用帕纳替尼。

 

2、应评估患者的心血管状态,并在开始帕纳替尼治疗前积极处理心血管风险因素。治疗期间继续监测并优化心血管状态。

 

3、帕纳替尼治疗期间应控制高血压,如果高血压未得到控制,则应考虑中断帕纳替尼治疗。

 

4、应密切监测患者发生血管闭塞或血栓栓塞的症状和体征,如果在治疗过程中出现相关症状和体征,应立即中断治疗。

 

美国FDA对帕纳替尼的相关风险控制措施

 

帕纳替尼于2012年12月在美国获得上市许可。2013年10月11日,美国食品药品监管局(FDA)发布警示信息,提示帕纳替尼致严重及致死性血凝块和严重血管狭窄相关报告明显增加。提醒医疗专业人士使用帕纳替尼时应慎重考虑每个患者的治疗获益是否可能大于风险。

 

2013年10月31日,FDA要求帕纳替尼生产企业ARIAD公司主动暂停帕纳替尼的上市许可,并停止销售使用。ARIAD公司同意FDA的建议,并表示在暂停期间继续研究帕纳替尼的安全性,同时患者和医疗专业人士应根据FDA的新建议使用帕纳替尼。

 

2013年11月5日,FDA针对10月31日的声明发布了后续消息,为目前正在服用帕纳替尼和服用帕纳替尼获益大于风险的病人及医疗专业人士提供了详细的帕纳替尼使用说明和注意事项。

 

2013年12月20日,FDA针对帕纳替尼的使用提出了多项安全控制措施,以重点警示其致死性血凝块和严重血管狭窄风险。一旦这些新的措施得以有效实施,帕纳替尼有望在美国针对合适的患者恢复上市许可。医疗专业人士在使用帕纳替尼时,应该实施这些附加的安全性措施并慎重评估每个患者的治疗风险和获益。

 

帕纳替尼目前在我国尚未上市。

 

Ariad's Iclusig Returns to U.S. Commercial Market

Ariad Pharmaceuticals said it has resumed commercial sales of its leukemia treatment Iclulsig® (ponatinib) in the United States with a narrower patient subpopulation and a new boxed warning—both designed to address concerns that drove the company to halt a Phase III trial and pull the product last year, resulting in layoffs.

 

Iclusig is now indicated for adult patients with refractory chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Iclusig was initially indicated for resistant or intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

 

The drug won FDA accelerated approval in December 2012, based on Phase II data—after which, Ariad began marketing the drug, while continuing clinical trials designed to add indications allowing wider use of Iclusig.

 

Iclusig also now carries a boxed warning advising users of possible side-effects that include vascular occlusion (including fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, stenosis of large arterial vessels of the brain, severe peripheral vascular disease, and the need for urgent revascularization procedures); heart failure (including fatalities); and hepatotoxicity, liver failure, and death.

 

The starting dose of Iclusig remains 45 mg daily. Ariad said it has begun shipping Iclusig to its exclusive specialty pharmacy Biologics, which has resumed filling prescriptions from physicians and distributing the cancer medicine to patients.

 

The changes were approved last month by the FDA as part of a revised U.S. Prescribing Information (USPI) and a communications Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for Iclusig. The USPI and REMS allowed for immediate resumption of Iclusig’s marketing and commercial distribution some three months after the company ran afoul of the agency.

 

In Europe, the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended approval in November of strengthened warnings on Iclusig related to patients with cardiovascular, hypertension, stroke, and vascular occlusion or thromboembolism issues.

 

The FDA placed a hold October 8 on the company’s Phase III EPIC or “Evaluation of Ponatinib vs. Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia” trial of Iclusig for patients with newly diagnosed CML. Ten days later, Ariad said it mutually agreed with the FDA to terminate the trial after patients treated with Iclusig experienced increased blood clotting.

 

As of November 1, 2013, about 640 patients were receiving Iclusig commercially in the United States. Following the market withdrawal, the drug was made available through emergency and single-patient IND applications approved by the FDA case by case.

 

The FDA has approved more than 370 INDs since early November, with more than 300 patients having received Iclusig at no cost through the process.

 

“Ariad expects most of these patients, many of whom received a three-month supply of Iclusig, to transition from the IND program to commercial therapy by the end of the first quarter of 2014” with help from Biologics, the company stated, adding that the IND program has since been closed to new patients with Philadelphia-positive leukemias.

 

Biologics will further support the ARIAD Patient Access and Support Services (ARIAD PASS™) program by managing ARIAD’s reimbursement and patient access services and co-pay support programs by conducting benefits investigations and prior authorizations to assess and assist with patient eligibility.

 

Iclusig is priced at $125,000 for a year’s treatment—about 17% above other second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Ariad said.

 

In November, Ariad disclosed plans to lay off about 40% of its U.S. staff—160 employees—in across-the-board job cuts by the end of 2013. The layoffs, which shrunk Ariad’s workforce to about 295 employees in the United States and Europe, were designed to generate pre-tax savings of about $26 million in 2014.

 

 

免责声明: 

      本文仅供专业人士学术交流探讨,不作为诊疗及用药依据。 

      如有侵权,请联系我们删除

<< 上一篇 下一篇 >>